OEAS Graduate Courses
400/500. Oceanographic Experiences in the Chesapeake Bay.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: knowledge of spreadsheets or data analysis software desirable. This course introduces the student to the basic physical oceanographic tools used to obtain and analyze information. The student uses conductivity-temperature-depth profilers, conductivity-temperature-pressure recorders, current meter and current profilers, tide gauge, and metrological instruments to obtain data at different locations of the Chesapeake Bay. Data obtained with these instruments are processed and analyzed using data analysis techniques discussed in class. Data are then used to answer a particular question related to the temporal and spatial variability in the Chesapeake Bay.
402/502. Field Experiences in Oceanography for Teachers.
Lecture 2 hours; field experience 2 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 106N-107N or 126N-127N or 306 and background in Earth Science or Science Education. Field and laboratory experiences in oceanography including hands-on experience using equipment and methods suitable for middle and secondary education professionals. Course will provide understanding of oceanic processes using simple field and laboratory experiments.
403W/503. Aquatic Pollution.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: at least two semesters of one of the following: BIOL 115N-116N, CHEM 115N-116N, OEAS 111N-112N, PHYS 111N-112N, OEAS 106N-107N or 126N-127N. This course will present basic ecological principles relevant to water pollution and toxicology. Topics will cover runoff, eutrophication, sewage treatment, industrial waste, oil pollution, pesticides, and plastics in the sea. Case studies provide focal points for consideration of issues in making decisions and setting policy.
404/504. Environmental Physiology of Marine Animals.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: junior standing; upper level biology courses. Functional morphology and physiological aspects of growth and ecological energetics of marine animals. Basic concepts and habitat comparisons.
405/505. Physical Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: 1 semester of calculus and 2 of either physics or hydraulics. Physics of the ocean: properties of seawater and their distribution; water mass formation; mass and energy flows; waves; tides; models; estuarine and coastal processes. An elective for science and engineering majors.
408/508. Introductory Soils.
Lecture 3 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 4 credits. Prerequisites: CHEM 115N-116N and 8 hours of laboratory science. Nature and properties of soils. Physical and chemical processes in soils and their influence on plant growth, the movement of water, and pollutants. Importance of soil properties in determining urban, industrial and agricultural uses.
410/510. Chemical Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; laboratory 3 hours; 4 credits. Prerequisites: CHEM 115N-116N, OEAS 306 or consent of instructor. Chemical composition of the ocean and the chemical, biological, geological and physical processes controlling it. Laboratory experiments include determination of salinity, oxygen, and nutrients, and a field sampling trip is undertaken.
411/511. Structural Geology.
Lecture 3 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 4 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 320 or permission of instructor. Recognition, habitat, and origin of deformed geologic structures. Relationships between structural patterns and tectonic settings. Laboratory sessions emphasize cartographic and stereographic projections, map interpretation, and hand sample evaluation. Weekend field trip required.
412/512. Global Environmental Change.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 306 and 310. An examination of the development of the earth as a habitable planet, from its origin to human impacts on global biogeochemical cycles on land, and in the oceans and atmosphere.
413/513. Geochemistry.
Lecture 2 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: CHEM 115N-116N and OEAS 313. Low temperature geochemistry of surface and near-surface materials and processes. Weathering and the geochemical cycle as influenced by environment.
414/514. Coastal Landscape and Ecology.
Lecture 1 hour; laboratory 4 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. Principles of coastal landscape formation based on classical and modern theories. Geotechnical characteristics and plant habitats at elements of coastal landscapes. Field trips.
415/515. Waves and Tides.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: MATH 205-206 and PHYS 111N-112N or 231N-232N or permission of the instructor. Causes, nature, measurement and analysis of water waves and tides. Mathematical and graphical application to wave and tide problems.
418/518. Chemical Limnology.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 306. Chemical cycling in lakes and reservoirs, and interactions with biological and physical processes; quantitative modeling of lake geochemistry.
419/519. Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments.
Lecture 1.5 hours; laboratory 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 414/514 and GEOG 404/504. The course integrates remotely sensed and field techniques for scientific investigation and practical management of coastal environmental systems. Spatial modeling of coastal processes and management tools using geographic information system (GIS).
420/520. Hydrogeology.
Lecture 2 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 320, MATH 205 or 211, PHYS 111N-112N or 231N-232N, or permission of the instructor. Topics covered will include the occurrence and movement of surface and subsurface water, the nature and distribution of permeable rocks and strata, field techniques used in ground-water studies, and the flow of ground-water to wells.
426/526. Concepts in Oceanography for Teachers.
3 credits. Prerequisite: junior standing or permission of the instructor. This web-based course will provide a practical introduction to oceanography for earth science teachers. It is particularly aimed at current science teachers attempting to become certified in earth science education. Topics will include discussions of geological, biological, physical and chemical oceanography. Not available for credit for OEAS majors.
431/531. Sedimentary Petrology.
Lecture 2 hours; laboratory 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 320. The chemical aspects of sediments and sedimentary rock needed for modern geologic and oceanographic studies. Optical petrology and x-ray diffraction are emphasized in the laboratory with particular attention to clay mineralogy. Field trip required.
434/534. Introduction to Geophysical Methods in Geology.
Lecture 2 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 110N or 111N, and PHYS 111N-112N, or permission of the instructor. Discussion on geophysical methods and results, including seismology, gravity, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, and radiometrics. Laboratory includes problem assignments and a few field experiments using geophysical instruments. Part of the laboratory hours will be used for lecturing.
436/536. Barrier Islands and Coastal Lagoons.
Lecture 1.5 hours; laboratory 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. Elementary principles of landscape, hydrography and ecology at coastal lagoons and barrier islands. Field trips to wave and tide dominated systems.
440/540. Biological Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 4 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 106N-107N, 126N-127N or 306. Marine organisms and their relationship to physical and chemical processes in the ocean. Laboratory study of local marine organisms, marine ecosystem and sampling techniques. Includes identification, data analysis and field trips.
441-442. Ocean and Earth Sciences Field Study I and II.
Lecture 1 hour; laboratory 4 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OES major with senior standing. 441 is prerequisite for 442. Interdisciplinary investigation of selected sites in Southeast Virginia that includes field sampling, sample analyses, data interpretation and integration, and group report preparation and presentations. Focuses on site selection and evaluation mapping, sampling, and sample analyses. Oral presentations of results will be made by each student.
443. General Meteorology.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: junior standing. Structure of the atmosphere; air masses, fronts, and cyclones; ice and water precipitation; hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms; introduction to modern weather forecasting; weather modification and air pollution.
446/546. Quaternary Geology.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 344W. Geological effects of Cenozoic climate changes and tectonic movements on marine and terrestrial systems. Weekend field trips to study landscapes and deposits in the coastal plain and Appalachian provinces.
448/548. Population Ecology.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: previous course in general ecology; calculus I. This course uses conceptual and mathematical models to understand how populations grow and persist in space and time. Both plants and animals are discussed.
451W. Data Collection and Analysis in Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 306, 310 and MATH 211-212. This course intends to introduce the student to the basic physical oceanographic tools used to obtain and analyze information. The student will use various oceanographic instruments to obtain data at different locations of the Chesapeake Bay. Data obtained with these instruments will be processed and analyzed using the data analysis techniques discussed in class. The data will then be used to answer a particular question related to the temporal and spatial variability in a natural system.
452. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 306, MATH 212 and PHYS 231N. The forces active in ocean and atmospheric dynamics will be analyzed. The implications for certain force balances (geostrophic frictional layer, uniform or variable density, linear waves) will be determined.
487, 488. Honors Research in Ocean and Earth Sciences. Independent studies and scheduled meetings with faculty advisor; 1-3 credits each semester. Prerequisite: senior standing and admission to the Academic Honors Program. Supervised study in a field of individual interest. Research results are reported in a public oral presentation and a thesis.
495/595. Special Topics.
Lectures, field and laboratory studies; 1-4 credits each semester. Prerequisites: junior standing and permission of the instructor. An investigation of a selected problem in physical, geological, chemical, or biological oceanography.
497. Special Problems and Research.
1-3 credits. Prerequisite: junior standing. Independent reading and study on a topic to be selected with the direction of an instructor.
604. Introduction to Physical Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Introduction to descriptive and dynamical physical oceanography. Properties of sea water; distribution of temperature, salinity and density; water, salt, and heat budgets; techniques for describing the ocean; circulation and water masses of the world's oceans and coastal waters.
606. Experimental Procedures in Physical Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Provides basic knowledge for conducting field experiments in physical oceanography. Fundamentals of experimental design and sampling theory. Standard methods of data reduction, analysis, and reporting.
610. Advanced Chemical Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: CHEM 115N-116N or equivalent. Chemical properties of seawater; chemical composition of the ocean including major and trace elements, dissolved gases, micronutrient elements, and organic compounds; processes controlling this composition.
611. Chemical Oceanography Laboratory. Laboratory 6 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: CHEM 115N-116N, 321, and 322, or equivalent, or consent of instructor. Basic analytical chemistry of seawater; field work in chemical oceanography.
612. Marine Geochemistry.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 610 or permission of the instructor. Processes governing the chemical composition of the ocean. Riverine input; air-sea exchange; sediment-bottom water exchange; hydrothermal input; internal cycling by physical processes; numerical modeling in chemical oceanography.
613. Geochemistry of Marine Sediments.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 610, 612, MATH 205-206. An introduction to the geochemistry of marine sediments, with an emphasis on nutrient (C,N,P,S) and trace element cycling in marine sediments.
614. Chemical Oceanography in the Coastal Environment.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 610 or permission of the instructor. Chemical dynamics within water and sediments of estuaries, salt marshes, and the continental shelf; river-sea, air-sea, and sediment-water interactions; modeling techniques.
616. Advanced Chemical Oceanography Laboratory.
Lecture 1 hour; laboratory 6 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 611. Analysis of trace constituents in marine waters, sediments, and sediment porewaters; sampling techniques; field experience.
617. Applied Geochemistry.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Soil and contaminant properties, soil-water interaction, soil permeability, contaminant-soil interactions, water and contaminant attenuation and movement in unsaturated zone of inorganic and organic contaminants are discussed.
619. Biological Oceanography Laboratory.
Laboratory 2 hours; 1 credit. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. The course includes exercises in the field (salt marsh; onboard the department's research vessel), in the laboratory (microbiology; photosynthesis; zooplankton physiology), and on the computer (modeling manipulation of CD-Rom data sets). Each student conceives, executes, and presents a small scale, independent research project.
620. Advanced Geological Sciences.
Lecture 2.5 hours; laboratory 1 hour; 3 credits. Survey of marine and terrestrial geology and geophysics; plate tectonics and basin formation; sediments and sediment dynamics; depositional environments and depositional systems; stratigraphy and basin analysis.
622. Wetland Hydrology.
Lecture 2 hours; laboratory 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 111N and MATH 163 or permission of the instructor. Hydrologic criteria used to delineate wetlands. Techniques used to calculate components of water budgets for non-tidal wetlands. Many lab exercises will require extensive field work in wetlands.
625. Marine Sediments and Sediment Dynamics.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 620 or permission of instructor. Attributes of sediments; boundary layer fluid dynamics and sediment transport; characteristics of cohesive and noncohesive sediments; gravity transport; grain size frequency distributions, strata formation and biotic reworking of sediments.
628. Marine Depositional Systems.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 620 or permission of instructor. Marine depositional environments, facies assemblages and the morphodynamics of their formation; numerical models of sediment accumulation.
630. Dynamical Oceanography I.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 604 and MATH 691. Dynamics of rotating, stratified fluids, geostrophic adjustment, potential vorticity, Ekman layers, gravity waves, and large scale ocean circulation.
632. Stratigraphy and basin Analysis.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 620 or permission of the instructor. Lithospheric dynamics and basin formation; sediment dating and marine biostratigraphy; sedimentation in marine and terrestrial basins and the resulting sequence stratigraphy.
633. Petrology of Sandstones.
Lecture 3 hours; laboratory 2 hours; 4 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 431/531 or permission of the instructor. Petrology of sandstones; applications of sediment mineralogy and texture to the analysis of provenance, deposition, and diagenesis with emphasis on the interrelationship between tectonics and sedimentation.
634. Applied Clay Mineralogy.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 431/531. The study of clay minerals and colloids and the application of their physical and chemical properties to various geologic, agricultural, and environmental problems. Special emphasis is given to ion exchange and sorption problems involving clays under various conditions. Techniques of semiquantitative analysis of clay minerals and the alteration of their chemical physical properties are emphasized.
637. Advanced Sedimentology.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. The analysis of depositional environments using sedimentological criteria will be discussed with emphasis on the interpretation of flow regime and depositional processes.
638. Carbonate Petrology.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 431/531. The origin and diagenesis of carbonate rocks with emphasis on the changes that carbonate sediments undergo during deposition, burial, and uplift. Laboratory work on carbonate peels and thin sections.
640. Advanced Biological Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Marine organisms and their interactions with the physical and chemical environments of the sea; primary production, population ecology, nutrition, reproduction, and marine biogeography.
643. Primary Production in Marine Environments.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 440/540 or 640 or equivalent. Studies of microalgae, macroalgae and higher plants focused on the factors which control primary production and the fate of carbon in estuarine and oceanic environments.
644. Environmental Physiology of Marine Animals.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 640 or equivalent. Physiological and biochemical adaptations of marine animals in stable and changing environments. Topics include foraging, respiration growth and reproductive strategies in diverse marine habitats.
645. Surficial Processes.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 320, 344W or permission of instructor. Geomorphic processes that form and reshape surficial deposits and soils. Field trips required.
651. Introduction to Physics of Estuaries.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 604 or 505. This course considers the physical oceanography of estuaries. In particular, it explores how circulation and mixing in estuaries are influenced by atmospheric forcing, tidal forcing, coastal influences and bathymetric variability. Topics to be treated include classification of estuaries, typical steady dynamical balances, transport of salt and other quantities, mixing, and time-space scales of variability.
657. Geological Aspects of Hazardous Waste Management.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. Waste characterization including classification, source and types of wastes and waste management. Major disposal methods (landfills, land disposal, underground injection and geologic repositories) that affect geologic materials and ground water are discussed.
667. Cooperative Education.
1-3 credits (may be repeated for credit). Prerequisite: approval by the department and Career Management in accordance with the policy for granting credit for Cooperative Education programs. Available for pass/fail grading only. Student participation for credit based on the academic relevance of the work experience, criteria, and evaluative procedures as formally determined by the department and Career Management prior to the semester in which the work experience is to take place.
669. Internship in Oceanography.
1-3 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the department.
690. Topics in Marine Environmental Policy.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: should have a strong science background and the ability to access website for course materials. This course will give students a working understanding of how science policy decisions are made by governments and how science and technology impact pubic policy. This course seeks to integrate current policy/legislative initiatives with the underlying scientific issues in order to raise the student's appreciation for and understanding of the various influences that affect the decision-making process. In particular, the course will look at how science influences policy and assess the "state of the science" relative to the issues at stake.
691. Seminar.
One semester required; 1 credit. Techniques for presenting scientific data at professional meetings and seminars. Practical experience and feedback.
695. Special Topics in Oceanography.
1-3 credits each semester. An advanced investigation in a selected problem in physical, geological, chemical, or biological oceanography under the direction of the faculty of the Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.
696. Selected Topics.
1-3 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.
698. Research.
Any semester; hours to be arranged; variable credit. 1-9 credits per semester. M.S.-level research.
699. Thesis.
Any semester; hours to be arranged; variable credit. 1-9 credits per semester. M.S.-level work primarily devoted to the writing of the thesis.
703/803. Stability of Ocean Flow.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: calculus, differential equations, geo-physical fluid dynamics. A study of the basic ideas and methods used to examine the stability of ocean currents. Topics include fundamentals, barotropic and baroclinic instability, wave packets and energy balance.
704/804. Time Series in Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: calculus. A study of the basic techniques used to model and analyze time series of oceanographic data. These include temporal spatial and frequency/wave number domain techniques.
708/808. Simulation Techniques for Ocean Circulation.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 604, 630 and 730, and knowledge of a computer program language (FORTRAN preferred). Emphasis is on the construction of working ocean models, both vorticity-stream function and primitive equation models analyzed, mostly finite difference techniques, implicit and explicit schemes, staggered grids, discussion of ocean general circulation models.
711/811. Regional Oceanography.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 604. The regional oceanography of the major ocean basins, marginal seas, and coastal oceans. Seasonal and interannual variability. Heat and salt cycles.
712/812. Radiogeochemistry of the Ocean.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 610 and 612, MATH 307, or permission of the instructor. Sources of radioactivity in the oceans; marine geochemistry of radioactive nuclides; tracking marine processes with radioactive nuclides.
723/823. Ocean Turbulence and Mixing Processes.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 630 and 730/830. This course will first provide a broad background in the concepts, theories and semi-analytical techniques used to describe turbulent motions and their effects in fluids. The various observational techniques that are presently used to measure turbulence in the ocean will be explored.
730/830. Dynamical Oceanography II.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 630. Dynamics of rotating stratified fluids. Inertial waves, equatorial dynamics, coastal dynamics, dynamic instability.
732/832. Advanced Geochemistry of Marine Sediments.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 610, 612, 613, MATH 307. Advanced topics in the geochemistry of marine sediments, with an emphasis on mathematical modeling of sedimentary geochemical processes.
741/841. Fisheries Science.
Lecture 4 hours; 4 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. An introduction to the major questions in the management of marine fisheries: abundance, estimation, distribution, recruitment and optimum yield. Topics are presented within the context of fisheries management, marine productivity and population ecology, all of which shape the direction of the primary literature.
743/843. Applied Methods of Fisheries.
Lecture 2 hours; laboratory 4 hours; 4 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 744/844. Practice, principles and theory of applied methods in fisheries. Sampling and data collection tools, practice, and theory. Principles and theory of age determination, estimation of abundance, reproductive biology, marking and tagging, and mark-recapture. Special topics as necessary.
744/844. Fisheries Management.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. Quantitative methods for the description and management of fisheries. Analytical and empirical forecasting models used to study case histories of managed fish stocks. Case studies of poorly and well managed stocks.
747/847. Reproduction and Larval Ecology of Marine Invertebrates.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 640. Topics include the evolution of reproductive strategies, maturation, behavior, larval ecology, and recruitment.
749/849. Plankton Population Dynamics II (Zooplankton).
Lecture 2 hours; laboratory 4 hours; 4 credits each semester. Prerequisites: OEAS 540 and 640 or equivalent. Environmental control of functional processes in marine and estuarine zooplankton at the level of the organism and the community. Ingestion, excretion, respiration, rhythms, locomotion, reproduction.
750/850. Dynamics of Large Scale Ocean Circulation.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 604, 630 and 730. Quasi-geostrophic beta-plane dynamics, wind driven circulation, thermohaline circulation, effects of bathymetry, quasi-geostraphic waves, effects of mesoscale eddies, layered models with outcrops and ventilation.
755/855. Mathematical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: calculus, differential equations, OEAS 604 and 640. This course is focused on the theory and techniques of mathematical model development for marine ecosystems. The course is designed to provide an understanding of how to parameterize interaction among components of marine food webs and interaction of food web components with physical environments.
760/860. Microbial Ecology of Marine Benthic Environments.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisite: OEAS 640. The course emphasizes the role of microorganisms in the transfer and cycling of energy and matter on centimeter to global scales.
Lectures cover microbiological organisms, processes, and methods in benthic regimes ranging from the intertidal to the deep sea, in hydrothermal and coldwater vents, and in hydrocarbon seeps.
762/862. Geobiology.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 303, 320. Hot topics in the field of geobiology are discussed. A small research project will be conducted which includes field work and lab analysis. Topics of research project according to student's interest. Fieldtrip required.
765/865. Marine Biogeochemistry.
Lecture 3 hours; 3 credits. Prerequisites: OEAS 610, 640 or permission of instructor. This class will focus on biologically mediated elemental cycling in aquatic systems. Assimilatory and dissimilatory biological processes involving auto- and heterotrophic organisms frequently mediate elemental cycling of these elements. Inorganic compounds and dissolved and particulate organic material will be discussed in terms of their biological reactivity and turnover times in aquatic systems and their contribution to elemental cycling on a variety of temporal and spatial scales. Also included is the issue of how community structure and function alter biogeochemical cycles.
770/870. Aquatic Photosynthesis.
Lecture 3 hours; laboratory 3 hours; 4 credits. This course examines the physics, chemistry, biology and ecology of photosynthesis by aquatic organisms. Topics include light harvesting, energy transfer, carbon metabolism and biosynthesis and their ecological consequences.
772/872. Aquatic Optics.
Lecture 3 hours; laboratory 3 hours; 4 credits. The course covers the physics of light transmission through the aquatic medium as affected by scattering and absorption, the optical properties of seawater, suspended particles of living cells, underwater vision and ocean color.
795/895. Advanced Topics in Oceanography.
1-3 credits each semester. An advanced investigation of a selected problem in physical, geological, chemical, or biological oceanography under the direction of the faculty of the Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.
869. Internship in Oceanography.
1-3 credits. Prerequisite: permission of the department.
898. Doctoral Research.
Any semester; hours to be arranged; variable credit, 1-9 credits per semester. Ph.D.-level research.
899. Dissertation.
Any semester; hours to be arranged; variable credit, 1-9 credits per semester. Ph.D.-level work primarily devoted to the writing of the dissertation.
